Al-Isra’ wal-Mi’raj is one of the most miraculous and spiritually significant events in Islamic history. Occurring on the 27th of Rajab, this extraordinary night marked the Prophet Muhammad’s (ﷺ) night journey from Makkah to Masjid Al-Aqsa and his subsequent ascension to the heavens. This event, also known as Shab-e-Miraj in some cultures, holds profound lessons and virtues for Muslims worldwide. In this article, we will explore the significance, historical context, and lessons of Al-Isra’ wal-Mi’raj, along with how it is celebrated by Muslims.
What is Al-Isra’ wal-Mi’raj (27th Rajab)?
In Islam, Al-Isra’ wal-Mi’raj refers to the miraculous night journey and ascension of the Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ). The journey began in Makkah, where the Prophet (ﷺ) was taken by the angel Jibreel (Gabriel) to Masjid Al-Aqsa in Jerusalem. This part of the journey is referred to as Al-Isra’. From Masjid Al-Aqsa, the Prophet (ﷺ) ascended to the heavens, which is known as Al-Mi’raj.
The event is vividly described in Surah Al-Isra’:
“Exalted is He who took His Servant by night from al-Masjid al-Haram to al-Masjid al-Aqsa, whose surroundings We have blessed, to show him of Our signs. Indeed, He is the Hearing, the Seeing.”
(Qur’an, 17:1)
During this journey, the Prophet (ﷺ) met several Prophets, led them in prayer, and was gifted the five daily prayers. Al-Isra’ wal-Mi’raj serves as a testament to the infinite power of Allah (SWT) and highlights the closeness of the Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) to Allah.
Historical Context of Al-Isra’ wal-Mi’raj
The night journey and ascension occurred during a time of great hardship for the Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ). This period, known as the Year of Sorrow, followed the deaths of his beloved wife, Khadijah (RA), and his protective uncle, Abu Talib. Additionally, the Prophet (ﷺ) faced cruel rejection from the people of Ta’if when he attempted to spread the message of Islam to them.
Despite these challenges, Allah (SWT) blessed the Prophet (ﷺ) with this miraculous journey to console him and strengthen his resolve. The event took place approximately one year before the Hijrah (migration) to Madinah, marking a turning point in the life of the Prophet (ﷺ) and the Islamic faith.
Divine Revelation in Surah Al-Isra
The celestial journey finds its mention in the sacred Surah Al-Isra. The first evidence is from Quranic scripture Chapter 17 verse one ( Surah Al-Isra) :
سُبۡحٰنَ الَّذِىۡۤ اَسۡرٰى بِعَبۡدِهٖ لَيۡلاً مِّنَ الۡمَسۡجِدِ الۡحَـرَامِ اِلَى الۡمَسۡجِدِ الۡاَقۡصَا الَّذِىۡ بٰرَكۡنَا حَوۡلَهٗ لِنُرِيَهٗ مِنۡ اٰيٰتِنَا ؕ اِنَّهٗ هُوَ السَّمِيۡعُ الۡبَصِيۡرُ
This article delves into the intricacies of Al-Isra’ wal-Mi’raj, exploring the journey’s stages, celestial encounters, and the profound lessons it imparts. Join us on a celestial odyssey that transcends time and space, offering insights into the resilience of faith amid adversity and the enduring connection between the earthly and divine.
Al-Isra’ wal-Mi’raj
The Essence of Isra
In the tapestry of Islamic history, the term “Isra” resonates with profound significance, translating to a “nocturnal journey.” Rooted in the Arabic words سرى (sara), it encapsulates the notion of “traveling at night.” However, its deeper connotation unveils the extraordinary night journey and transportation of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) from his birthplace, Mecca, to the farthest mosque of Aqsa in Jerusalem. This celestial expedition marks the initial phase of the complete nightly ascension.
A Divine Unveiling
The celestial voyage commenced as the Prophet (saw) slumbered in the abode of Umm Hani (ra) in Makkah. In a moment of divine intervention, the roof of his house opened, and the Angel Jibril [as] descended, signaling the inception of an extraordinary journey (Bukhari). Scholars, harmonizing diverse narrations, affirm that the Prophet (saw) was then transported to the Hijr, the semi-circular wall of the Ka‘bah. Here, Jibril (as) performed a sacred act, opening the Prophet’s chest and cleansing it with Zamzam water.
This divine ritual continued as a golden tray filled with wisdom and faith was presented, its contents poured into the Prophet’s chest before it was securely closed (Bukhari).
Riding the Celestial Steed
The next chapter of this celestial odyssey unfolds with the introduction of “al-Buraq,” a white beast whose dimensions exceeded those of a donkey but fell short of a mule. With a stride spanning the eye’s reach, this extraordinary creature became the Prophet’s means of traversing the celestial realms (Muslim).
The celestial journey’s first leg showcases the intricate connection between the terrestrial and celestial, blending the extraordinary with the divine. The Prophet’s encounter with al-Buraq symbolizes the seamless transition from the earthly realm to the celestial expanse, setting the stage for a celestial odyssey like no other.
Insights Along the Journey
The Marvel of Buraq’s Submission
Anas (ra) narrates a captivating moment during the celestial journey, recounting how Buraq, though saddled and reined, hesitated when the Prophet (saw) approached. Jibril (as), recognizing the unique honor bestowed upon Muhammad (saw), reassured Buraq of the Prophet’s exceptional stature in the eyes of Allah. The celestial steed, overcome by reverence, started sweating profusely, exemplifying its acknowledgment of the Prophet’s elevated status (Tirmidhi).
Halting at Sacred Landmarks
Throughout this extraordinary odyssey, Jibra’eel (as) strategically paused at significant waypoints, each bearing spiritual weight.
1. The Place of Emigration (Madinah)
The celestial journey’s initial pause occurred at the ‘Place of Emigration’ in Madinah. A pivotal moment, as it foreshadowed the Prophet’s imminent encounter with the Ansar and the subsequent migration to Madinah.
2. Mount Sinai – Revelation of the Torah
At Mount Sinai, the sacred site where Allah (swt) revealed the Torah to Musa (as), the Prophet (saw) received glimpses of divine wisdom embedded in the holy history of revelation.
3. Bethlehem – Birthplace of ’Isa (as)
The celestial caravan then descended upon Bethlehem, marking the birthplace of ’Isa (as). A sacred locale, resonating with the miraculous birth of another esteemed Prophet.
4. Musa’s Grave – A Prayerful Encounter
As the celestial journey continued, the Prophet (saw) passed by the grave of Musa (as), finding him engaged in prayer. This poignant moment underscores the ongoing spiritual vitality of Prophets even after their earthly departure.
5. Arrival in Al-Quds (Jerusalem)
The pinnacle of the celestial expedition unfolded in Al-Quds (Jerusalem), where Jibril (as) guided the Prophet (saw) to Bait al-Maqdis, another name for the Blessed Masjid Al-Aqsa. Jibril’s pointed gesture caused a crack in the rock, and the Buraq was tethered at the western wall of the noble sanctuary (Tirmidhi).
A Sacred Gathering
Within the hallowed precincts awaited a congregation of prophetic luminaries – all 124,000 Prophets (as). Jibril (as) led the Prophet (saw) to the forefront, and in this sacred space, the Prophet (saw) led the collective assembly in prayer. A celestial communion, transcending time and earthly bounds, as the echoes of their collective prayers resonated through the sacred expanse.
The Enigma of Al Mi’raj
The Essence of Al-Mi’raj
In the tapestry of Islamic spirituality, Al Mi’raj, an Arabic term denoting “ladder,” “elevation,” or “ascension,” unfolds as a celestial odyssey. It symbolizes the miraculous night journey of Prophet Muhammad, catapulting him to the divine presence of Allah The Almighty in Heaven.
A Miraculous Marvel in Islamic Faith
Embedded within the fabric of Islamic belief, Al Mi’raj stands as one of the paramount miracles bestowed upon the Prophet ﷺ. This extraordinary event comprises two distinct phases, with the second phase often sparking contention among the Arab polytheists of the time.
Scriptural Validation: Quranic and Prophetic Evidence
Contrary to skeptics, the legitimacy of Al Mi’raj finds robust affirmation in Islamic scripture, encompassing the Quran and the prophetic narrations, commonly known as Ahadith. This celestial journey is not a figment of imagination but a profound reality validated by the divine revelations.
Unraveling the Contested Phase
The focal point of contention among skeptics lies in the second phase of Al Mi’raj. However, prevailing scholarly consensus asserts the authenticity of this transcendent journey. According to dominant opinions, the Prophet (saw), accompanied by the archangel Jibril (as), ascended to the Noble Rock (as-Sakhrah al-Musharrafah). This sacred landmark finds its abode beneath the holy Dome of the Rock Masjid, situated at the heart of the revered sanctuary, al-Haram ash-Sharif, housing the Blessed Masjid Al-Aqsa.
In unraveling the enigma of Al Mi’raj, one encounters a celestial narrative etched in the annals of Islamic spirituality—a profound testament to the divine majesty and the elevated status of the Seal of the Prophets, Muhammad (saw).
Ascending Through the First Sky
As the Prophet Muhammad (saw) embarked on this celestial odyssey, the journey unfolded in awe-inspiring stages, with the initial ascent from the Dome of the Rock. This celestial portal marked the gateway to a realm beyond the known universe, where the Prophet (saw) would traverse the heavens.
The Messenger of Allah (saw) narrates this extraordinary experience, recounting the ascent through the layers of the celestial expanse. As they approached the first layer of the sky, Jibril (as) requested entry by knocking on its ethereal doors, ushering the Prophet (saw) into an unseen dimension.
The celestial custodians queried Jibril (as) about his identity, to which he responded, “Jibril [as].” The ensuing exchange illuminated the divine purpose of this celestial sojourn—Muhammad (saw) had indeed been sent for. With this proclamation, the gates of the first heaven swung open, revealing a realm beyond human comprehension.
In this celestial realm, the Prophet (saw) found himself in the company of the first Prophet, Adam (as). A moment transcending the bounds of time and space, as Adam (as) extended a welcoming embrace to his spiritual descendant. The celestial meeting was not only marked by hospitality but also by the supplication of Adam (as) for the well-being and goodness of the Prophet Muhammad (saw). This interplay of celestial beings and revered prophets set the stage for the unfolding wonders in the subsequent layers of the heavens.
Unveiling the Second to Sixth Sky
Continuing his celestial ascent, the Prophet Muhammad (saw) journeyed through the layers of the sky under the guidance of Jibril (as). At each celestial threshold, they sought permission to enter, and the celestial guardians welcomed the chosen Messenger of Allah (saw) with joy.
Second Sky: Encounter with Prophets Isa and Yahya
As they crossed into the second sky, the Prophet (saw) was greeted by his maternal cousins, the esteemed Prophets Isa (as) and Yahya (as). The celestial reunion unfolded, offering a glimpse into the interconnected tapestry of prophethood.
Third Sky: Meeting Prophet Yusuf
Ascending further, the Prophet (saw) encountered Prophet Yusuf (as) at the third sky. Described as possessing extraordinary beauty, Yusuf (as) symbolized the divine grace bestowed upon him. The Prophet Muhammad (saw), already blessed with unparalleled beauty, acknowledged this celestial magnificence with the phrase “ma sha’ Allah!”
Fourth Sky: Encounter with Prophet Idris
The journey through the layers of the sky led the Prophet (saw) to Prophet Idris (as) at the fourth sky. Recognized for his lofty position, as praised in the Qur’an, Idris (as) embodied the divine elevation granted to chosen servants of Allah.
Fifth Sky: Meeting Prophet Harun
In the fifth sky, the Prophet (saw) encountered Prophet Harun (as), marking another celestial rendezvous. The celestial gathering unveiled the interconnectedness of prophethood, transcending earthly boundaries.
Sixth Sky: Reunion with Prophet Musa
The sixth sky welcomed the Prophet (saw) to a meeting with Prophet Musa (as), the brother of Harun. This celestial encounter enriched the tapestry of divine narratives, showcasing the continuum of prophetic legacy across the celestial realms.
These celestial meetings underscore the unity of prophethood and serve as a testament to the interconnected journey of the chosen messengers through the layers of the heavens.
Encounter with Prophet Ibrahim at the Seventh Sky
Ascending to the seventh sky, the Prophet Muhammad (saw) reached the pinnacle of his celestial journey. Here, he encountered his greatest ancestor, the revered Prophet Ibrahim (as). In this celestial meeting, Ibrahim (as) was found in a tranquil posture, reclining against al-Bait al-Ma‘mur.
Bait al-Ma’mur: The Much-Visited House
Situated in the seventh heaven, Bait al-Ma’mur holds a unique significance. It is described as ‘the much-visited House,’ a celestial counterpart to the earthly Ka‘bah. Every day, seventy thousand angels enter this celestial sanctuary, and once admitted, they never depart.
This heavenly abode directly mirrors the sacred Ka‘bah on Earth, symbolizing the divine interconnectedness between the celestial and terrestrial realms. The encounter with Prophet Ibrahim (as) at this elevated station underscores the unity of prophetic lineage and the continuity of divine blessings across the heavenly spheres.
The Prophet Muhammad (saw) witnessed the celestial grandeur of Bait al-Ma’mur, gaining insights into the heavenly rituals and divine manifestations that transcend human comprehension. Additionally, this encounter with Prophet Ibrahim (as) serves as a poignant reminder of the celestial bond shared by the messengers of Allah across the cosmic expanse.
Sidrah al-Muntaha
Sidrah al-Muntaha: The Boundary of Divine Revelation
Situated at the culmination of the seventh heaven, Sidrah al-Muntaha is a colossal Sidr tree that marks the celestial boundary. According to Islamic beliefs, this sacred site was traversed only by Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) accompanied by the angel Jibreel. At this celestial juncture, Allah communicated a profound decree to the Prophet.
The Divine Decree: An Offering of Prayer
In this celestial realm, Allah enjoined upon Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and the Muslim believers the obligation of performing prayers fifty times a day. The Prophet, in humble acceptance, initially carried this divine directive. However, on his return to Earth, he encountered Prophet Moses, who offered sagacious counsel.
Prophetic Discernment: Dialogue with Prophet Moses
Prophet Moses, recognizing the weightiness of fifty daily prayers, advised Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) to seek a reduction. Responding to Moses’ counsel, the Prophet retraced his celestial journey, beseeching Allah for a reduction in the number of obligatory prayers. Allah, in His infinite mercy, reduced the count by five, making it forty-five prayers a day.
Despite the reduction, Prophet Moses maintained his concern, prompting further supplications by Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). This cycle repeated nine times, each instance witnessing a reduction of five prayers.
Gift of Compulsory Salah: A Divine Blessing to Ummah
The encounter at Sidrah al-Muntaha bestowed upon the Ummah the gift of compulsory Salah, a daily spiritual tether that serves as a source of strength and a means of communication with Allah. Moreover, the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), guilt-ridden by the frequent appeals for reduction, expressed gratitude for the final allocation of five prayers.
Return to Earth: Divine Display and Mockery
Transported back to Earth on the Buraq, the Prophet observed caravans heading towards Makkah. This observation would later serve as tangible proof when the Quraysh skeptically cross-examined him in the Hijr of the Ka‘bah. Allah, reinforcing the miraculous nature of the journey, displayed Bait al-Maqdis to the Prophet, validating his extraordinary experience.
Reflection on Al-Isra wal Mi’raj: A Source of Solace
As believers commemorate the night of 27th Rajab, the lessons from Al-Isra wal Mi’raj resonate. The journey, encompassing diverse celestial experiences, serves as a reminder of Allah’s promise in the Quran – “For indeed, with hardship [will be] ease. Indeed, with hardship [will be] ease” (Quran, 94:5-8). During adversity, this event inspires solace, reinforcing the profound connection between earthly tribulations and divine reassurance.
Significance of Al-Isra’ wal-Mi’raj (27th Rajab)
Establishment of Salaah
One of the most significant outcomes of Al-Isra’ wal-Mi’raj was the establishment of the five daily prayers (Salaah). Initially, fifty prayers were prescribed, but they were reduced to five while retaining the reward of fifty. This obligation underscores the importance of Salaah as a pillar of Islam.
A Test of Faith
The event also served as a test of faith for the early Muslims. Many disbelievers ridiculed the Prophet (ﷺ) when he narrated his miraculous journey. However, Abu Bakr (RA) earned the title “As-Siddiq” (the Truthful) for affirming the truth of the Prophet’s (ﷺ) words without hesitation.
Lessons of Hope and Resilience
For those enduring trials, Al-Isra’ wal-Mi’raj serves as a reminder of Allah’s mercy and the promise of ease after hardship. The Qur’an states:
“For indeed, with hardship [will be] ease. Indeed, with hardship [will be] ease.” (Qur’an, 94:5-6)
Celebrating Al-Isra’ wal-Mi’raj (27th Rajab)
Many Muslims commemorate Al-Isra’ wal-Mi’raj as a significant date in the Islamic calendar. Celebrations vary across cultures and regions but often include the following:
- Increased Worship: Muslims offer Nafl (optional) prayers, recite Qur’an, and send Salawat upon the Prophet (ﷺ).
- Family Gatherings: Families come together to share the story of Al-Isra’ wal-Mi’raj and its lessons.
- Decorations: Homes and mosques are adorned with lights to honor this miraculous night.
Some Muslim countries even declare the 27th of Rajab as a public holiday, reflecting its importance.
Duas and Acts of Worship on Al-Isra’ wal-Mi’raj
- Reciting Duas: Ask Allah for guidance, forgiveness, and the fulfillment of personal and communal needs.
- Sending Salawat: Increase salutations upon the Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ).
- Giving Sadaqah: Perform acts of charity to earn Allah’s pleasure.
- Fasting: While not obligatory, fasting on the 27th of Rajab is a recommended practice for many Muslims.
Virtues of Al-Isra’ wal-Mi’raj (27th Rajab)
The night of Al-Isra’ wal-Mi’raj holds immense spiritual significance. It offers Muslims a glimpse of the heavenly realm and serves as a reminder of the spiritual world awaiting righteous believers. This event underscores the power and glory of Allah (SWT) and the special status of the Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) in Islam.
Fasting on Al-Isra’ wal-Mi’raj (27th Rajab)
Fasting during sacred months, including Rajab, is highly meritorious. The Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) emphasized the significance of this month. Ibn `Umar (RA) reported that the Prophet (ﷺ) would end the month of Rajab by fasting. Muslims who fast on the 27th of Rajab do so to commemorate the blessed night and seek additional rewards.
Conclusion
Al-Isra’ wal-Mi’raj is a night filled with miracles, lessons, and blessings. It not only demonstrates the infinite power of Allah (SWT) but also provides profound lessons in faith, perseverance, and devotion. By reflecting on this miraculous journey, Muslims are reminded of the importance of Salaah, the spiritual rewards of steadfastness, and the promise of Allah’s mercy and guidance.